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太陽光発電の発電のしくみを理解するには、次の5つのポイントを押さえなければなりません。
1. 原子の構造
2. オクテット則(最外殻電子数は8個で安定する)
3. n型半導体とp型半導体
4. n型半導体とp型半導体をくっつけると「nは+」「pは−」に帯電する
5. 光を当てたときの粒子(電子、正孔)の動き
順を追って説明します。


1. 原子の構造

物質をどこまでも2つに分けていき、これ以上分けられない最後の粒(最小単位)を原子と言います。
19世紀に原子の構造が解明されました。中心に原子核があり、その周りをいくつかの電子が回っているという構造です。

  

原子核はどの原子も1個ですが、電子の数は物質によって異なります。
太陽電池の代表的な材料であるシリコンには電子の数が14個あり、最も外側を回っている電子(最外郭電子)が4個あります。

 
2. オクテット則(最外殻電子数は8個で安定する)

ここでは分かりやすく、最外郭電子が回っている軌道を高速道路、電子を車と考えましょう。
この高速道路、実は8台まで車を走らせることができます。(これをオクテット則と言います)

  


シリコン原子1個の最外郭電子は4個なので、原子が整然とならんだ分子の状態になると高速道路を共有して8個になり安定します。

    


3. n型半導体とp型半導体

シリコン原子(Si)の1個をリン原子(P)に置き換えると、リン原子には最外郭電子が5個あるため、1個が高速道路から押し出されます。このようなシリコンをn型半導体と言います。

  
 
次に、シリコン原子の1個をボロン原子(B)に置き換えると、ボロン原子には最外郭電子が3個あるため、電子が1個不足した状態になります。このようなシリコンをp型半導体と言います。

  


4. n型半導体とp型半導体をくっつけると「nは―」「pは+」に帯電する

太陽電池はn型半導体とp型半導体をくっつけた構造をしています。
n型とp型をくっつけると過剰で動きやすくなっているn型半導体の電子が、p型半導体の方に移動します。
電子が逃げたn型半導体は+に、電子をえたp型半導体は−に帯電します。


  


5. 光を当てたときの粒子(電子、正孔)の動き

太陽光電池に光を当てると、その光が太陽電池の中に吸収され、n型とp型の境界付近で、粒子(電子、正孔(プラス電化粒子))が発生します。

n型は+帯電しているため、電子(−電荷)が集まります。p型は−帯電しているため、正孔(+電荷)集まります。それを結線すると電子が移動します。つまり電流が流れます。これが太陽光発電の発電のしくみなのです。

イラスト




■太陽光発電に関する連絡先

TEL:087-869-9815

FAX:087-869-9816

メール:info@mimura-ds.co.jp



■指定業者
・香川県知事電気工事業登録事業者
・香川県知事管工事業登録事業者
・高松市指定給水装置工事事業者
・三木町指定給水装置工事事業者
・さぬき市指定給水装置工事事業者
・東かがわ市指定給水装置工事事業者
・まんのう町指定給水装置工事事業者
・観音寺市指定給水装置工事事業者
・三豊市指定給水装置工事事業者
・善通寺市指定給水装置工事事業者
・丸亀市指定給水装置工事事業者
・坂出市指定給水装置工事事業者
・宇多津町指定給水装置工事事業者
・綾川町指定給水装置工事事業者
・琴平町指定給水装置工事事業者
・多度津町指定給水装置工事事業者
・高松市下水道排水設備等工事指定工事事業者
・丸亀市下水道排水設備等工事指定工事事業者
・四国電力引込線工事指定事業者
 
 
■保有資格
・第1種電気工事士
・高圧ケーブル工事認定者
・2級管工事施工管理技士
・給水装置工事主任技術者
・給水装置工事配管技能者
・高松市下水道排水設備等工事責任技術者
・液化石油ガス設備士
・ガス可とう管接続工事監督者
・建築設備検査資格者
・特定化学物質等作業主任者
・耐震継手排水管技能者
・浄化槽設備士
・ガス溶接技能者
・石油機器技術管理士
・消防設備士(甲種、第4種)
・消防設備士(第3種)
・職業訓練指導員


■太陽光発電工事対応地域
●香川県、徳島県、愛媛県、高知県



Copyright(c) 有限会社三村電気水道 All Rights Reserved.

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